Elevated levels of systemic inflammation have been associated in large studies with increased vascular risk. Addition of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) measurements to low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, was previously shown to enhance risk stratification in patients receiving statin treatment for secondary prevention of coronary events. New upcoming results from the JUPITER trial will further answer the question of whether statin treatment can prevent cardiovascular disease among healthy people with normal LDL cholesterol levels but an increased hsCRP level.

Genetic as well as environmental factors have an impact on inflammation. About half of the population variation in CRP levels for example, is related to diet, exercise, smoking and obesity. Genome wide association studies make it possible to identify gene polymorphisms that are associated with higher or lower levels of inflammatory biomarkers. Dr. Ridker shows data from the Women's Genome Health Study, that reveal distinct patterns of gene polymorphisms affecting levels of CRP, fibrinogen and soluble ICAM-1 (Intercellular adhesion molecule-1). The variety of loci implicated for CRP levels, support its role as a marker of inflammation and metabolic dysfunction.

In this way, genome studies help in understanding the underlying biology of inflammation. Genomic medicine may potentially be helpful in the prediction of risk, in personalized medicine, and perhaps ultimately to find new drug targets. Dr. Ridker presents recent findings on the genetics of inflammation and CRP that shed light on why some individuals may be more prone to inflammatory states.

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After viewing this presentation the participant will be able to:

- Discuss how the genetics of inflammation and CRP might impact upon clinical disease management
- Discuss how the genetics of inflammation and CRP might help us to understand pharmacologic therapies

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